Plan and indicators
What the project is working on and what comes next — and how the indicators behind the calculation change. Suggest work through the project's Telegram bot; accepted suggestions appear here credited to their author, if they chose to be credited.
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Work plan Indicators
All series start in January 2025: the calculation rests on full-year 2025 data, and the series share one start date so they can be compared. Longer history is in the research articles.
Share on placeholders Share of the reference flights' cost that rests on placeholders rather than documents, %
FRA–BCN A320: 31.4 (2026-11-11) SVO–LED A320: 41.4 (2026-11-11) DEL–BOM A20N: 51.7 (2026-11-11) JFK–LAX A321: 52 (2026-11-11)
2026-11-01 2026-11-05 2026-11-06 2026-11-09 2026-11-11 FRA–BCN A320 · 2026-11-01: 42 % FRA–BCN A320 · 2026-11-05: 40 % FRA–BCN A320 · 2026-11-06: 40.2 % FRA–BCN A320 · 2026-11-09: 40.1 % FRA–BCN A320 · 2026-11-10: 31.4 % FRA–BCN A320 · 2026-11-11: 31.4 % SVO–LED A320 · 2026-11-06: 59.4 % SVO–LED A320 · 2026-11-09: 56.7 % SVO–LED A320 · 2026-11-10: 41.4 % SVO–LED A320 · 2026-11-11: 41.4 % DEL–BOM A20N · 2026-11-06: 59.3 % DEL–BOM A20N · 2026-11-10: 51.6 % DEL–BOM A20N · 2026-11-11: 51.7 % JFK–LAX A321 · 2026-11-06: 50 % JFK–LAX A321 · 2026-11-09: 58.9 % JFK–LAX A321 · 2026-11-10: 52 % JFK–LAX A321 · 2026-11-11: 52 % 30 40 50 60 Lower means more of the calculation stands on documents. The series starts in November 2026; today's point is calculated when the page opens.
Jet fuel Into-plane jet fuel price by region as the calculation takes it: spot × regional multiplier, USD/t
2025-01 2025-05 2025-08 2025-12 2026-04 2026-07 2026-11 India ×1.47 · 2025-01: 1 139 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-02: 1 100 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-03: 1 004 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-04: 958 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-05: 936 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-06: 1 016 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-07: 1 089 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-08: 982 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-09: 1 014 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-10: 1 044 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-11: 1 097 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2025-12: 954 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-01: 986 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-02: 1 098 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-03: 1 795 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-04: 1 907 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-05: 1 914 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-06: 1 476 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-07: 1 652 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-08: 1 808 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-09: 2 130 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-10: 2 176 USD/t India ×1.47 · 2026-11: 1 995 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-01: 1 124 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-02: 1 085 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-03: 990 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-04: 945 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-05: 924 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-06: 1 002 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-07: 1 074 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-08: 969 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-09: 1 000 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-10: 1 030 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-11: 1 082 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2025-12: 941 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-01: 973 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-02: 1 083 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-03: 1 770 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-04: 1 881 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-05: 1 888 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-06: 1 456 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-07: 1 630 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-08: 1 784 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-09: 2 101 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-10: 2 146 USD/t Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45 · 2026-11: 1 968 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-01: 946 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-02: 913 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-03: 833 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-04: 795 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-05: 777 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-06: 843 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-07: 904 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-08: 815 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-09: 842 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-10: 866 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-11: 910 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2025-12: 792 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-01: 819 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-02: 911 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-03: 1 490 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-04: 1 582 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-05: 1 588 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-06: 1 225 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-07: 1 371 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-08: 1 501 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-09: 1 768 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-10: 1 806 USD/t Latin America ×1.22 · 2026-11: 1 656 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-01: 930 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-02: 898 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-03: 820 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-04: 782 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-05: 764 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-06: 829 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-07: 889 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-08: 802 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-09: 828 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-10: 852 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-11: 895 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2025-12: 779 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-01: 805 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-02: 896 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-03: 1 465 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-04: 1 556 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-05: 1 562 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-06: 1 205 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-07: 1 349 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-08: 1 476 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-09: 1 739 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-10: 1 776 USD/t Africa ×1.2 · 2026-11: 1 628 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-01: 720 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-02: 666 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-03: 579 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-04: 541 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-05: 515 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-06: 765 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-07: 807 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-08: 721 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-09: 749 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-10: 769 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-11: 781 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2025-12: 665 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-01: 747 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-02: 814 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-03: 752 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-04: 845 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-05: 1 092 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-06: 942 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-07: 925 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-08: 963 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-09: 971 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-10: 977 USD/t Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper · 2026-11: 848 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-01: 853 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-02: 823 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-03: 751 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-04: 717 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-05: 701 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-06: 760 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-07: 815 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-08: 735 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-09: 759 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-10: 781 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-11: 821 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2025-12: 714 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-01: 738 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-02: 822 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-03: 1 343 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-04: 1 427 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-05: 1 432 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-06: 1 104 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-07: 1 236 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-08: 1 353 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-09: 1 594 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-10: 1 628 USD/t Europe ×1.1 · 2026-11: 1 493 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-01: 853 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-02: 823 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-03: 751 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-04: 717 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-05: 701 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-06: 760 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-07: 815 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-08: 735 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-09: 759 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-10: 781 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-11: 821 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2025-12: 714 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-01: 738 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-02: 822 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-03: 1 343 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-04: 1 427 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-05: 1 432 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-06: 1 104 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-07: 1 236 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-08: 1 353 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-09: 1 594 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-10: 1 628 USD/t Middle East ×1.1 · 2026-11: 1 493 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-01: 853 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-02: 823 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-03: 751 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-04: 717 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-05: 701 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-06: 760 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-07: 815 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-08: 735 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-09: 759 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-10: 781 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-11: 821 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2025-12: 714 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-01: 738 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-02: 822 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-03: 1 343 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-04: 1 427 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-05: 1 432 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-06: 1 104 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-07: 1 236 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-08: 1 353 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-09: 1 594 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-10: 1 628 USD/t Asia and Oceania ×1.1 · 2026-11: 1 493 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-01: 837 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-02: 808 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-03: 738 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-04: 704 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-05: 688 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-06: 746 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-07: 800 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-08: 721 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-09: 745 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-10: 767 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-11: 806 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2025-12: 701 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-01: 725 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-02: 807 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-03: 1 319 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-04: 1 401 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-05: 1 406 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-06: 1 084 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-07: 1 214 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-08: 1 328 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-09: 1 565 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-10: 1 598 USD/t North America ×1.08 · 2026-11: 1 466 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-01: 775 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-02: 748 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-03: 683 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-04: 652 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-05: 637 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-06: 691 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-07: 741 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-08: 668 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-09: 690 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-10: 710 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-11: 746 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2025-12: 649 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-01: 671 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-02: 747 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-03: 1 221 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-04: 1 297 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-05: 1 302 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-06: 1 004 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-07: 1 124 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-08: 1 230 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-09: 1 449 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-10: 1 480 USD/t USGC spot (base) · 2026-11: 1 357 USD/t 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 India ×1.47: 1 995 Kazakhstan and CIS ×1.45: 1 968 Latin America ×1.22: 1 656 Africa ×1.2: 1 628 Europe ×1.1: 1 493 Middle East ×1.1: 1 493 Asia and Oceania ×1.1: 1 493 North America ×1.08: 1 466 USGC spot (base): 1 357 Russia* ×1.092–1.546, after damper: 848
latest: 2026-11 · click a region in the legend to show or hide it
The multipliers rest on one point or an assumption per region (decision 235): every curve has the spot's shape, only the level differs. A regional series of its own is on the plan.
Source: EIA · fuel research · _ru_damper.yaml
Airport charges by region Reference A320 turnaround (78 t, 148 pax, July): median over documented tariffs and range, EUR · 2026-11-09
Africa · 5 airports 7 058 Europe · 32 airports 3 286 India · 4 airports 2 570 США (по отчётам перевозчиков) · — airports 2 037 Asia and the Gulf · 11 airports 1 982 Russia and CIS · 9 airports 1 587 A snapshot at build date, not a series: tariffs change once a year, and the series grows with each new edition. Unofficial community data is not included.
Source: charges research
Air navigation En-route charge per 100 km for an A320 (78 t), EUR: mean over the continent's zones; the label shows the number of zones
Europe (EUROCONTROL), 41: 80.4 (2026-11) Russia (FAS), 10: 18 (2026-11)
2026-01 2026-03 2026-04 2026-06 2026-08 2026-09 2026-11 Europe (EUROCONTROL), 41 · 2026-08: 80.3 EUR Europe (EUROCONTROL), 41 · 2026-09: 80.2 EUR Europe (EUROCONTROL), 41 · 2026-10: 80.2 EUR Europe (EUROCONTROL), 41 · 2026-11: 80.4 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-01: 18.3 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-02: 18.3 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-03: 17.8 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-04: 19 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-05: 20.1 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-06: 19.1 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-07: 18.8 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-08: 16.6 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-09: 17.4 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-10: 18.5 EUR Russia (FAS), 10 · 2026-11: 18 EUR 20 40 60 80 EUROCONTROL rates are not shown zone by zone under their licence — only as a mean. The calculation uses each zone's own rate. Russia — domestic flights of a Russian operator.
Source: EUROCONTROL CRCO · ФАС России
Maintenance by aircraft class Total maintenance per block hour, US carriers (Form 41), quarterly, block-hour-weighted median, nominal USD
narrowbody: 1 049 (2025-10) regional: 684 (2025-10) widebody: 1 233 (2025-10)
2025-01 2025-04 2025-07 2025-10 narrowbody · 2025-01: 1 062 USD/block h narrowbody · 2025-04: 1 038 USD/block h narrowbody · 2025-07: 1 074 USD/block h narrowbody · 2025-10: 1 049 USD/block h regional · 2025-01: 707 USD/block h regional · 2025-04: 636 USD/block h regional · 2025-07: 688 USD/block h regional · 2025-10: 684 USD/block h widebody · 2025-01: 1 404 USD/block h widebody · 2025-04: 1 214 USD/block h widebody · 2025-07: 1 304 USD/block h widebody · 2025-10: 1 233 USD/block h 600 800 1 000 1 200 1 400 Source: BTS Form 41 · maintenance research
Ownership by aircraft type Rent + depreciation per aircraft per month, US carriers (Form 41), quarterly, median, nominal USD
B738: 166 524 (2025-10) E75L: 34 424 (2025-10) B38M: 136 986 (2025-10) A321: 214 904 (2025-10) A320: 169 932 (2025-10) B739: 139 468 (2025-10)
2025-01 2025-04 2025-07 2025-10 B738 · 2025-01: 184 061 USD/aircraft·month B738 · 2025-04: 178 109 USD/aircraft·month B738 · 2025-07: 164 129 USD/aircraft·month B738 · 2025-10: 166 524 USD/aircraft·month E75L · 2025-01: 34 914 USD/aircraft·month E75L · 2025-04: 34 569 USD/aircraft·month E75L · 2025-07: 34 204 USD/aircraft·month E75L · 2025-10: 34 424 USD/aircraft·month B38M · 2025-01: 152 070 USD/aircraft·month B38M · 2025-04: 150 990 USD/aircraft·month B38M · 2025-07: 142 939 USD/aircraft·month B38M · 2025-10: 136 986 USD/aircraft·month A321 · 2025-01: 226 701 USD/aircraft·month A321 · 2025-04: 228 608 USD/aircraft·month A321 · 2025-07: 215 077 USD/aircraft·month A321 · 2025-10: 214 904 USD/aircraft·month A320 · 2025-01: 168 823 USD/aircraft·month A320 · 2025-04: 170 367 USD/aircraft·month A320 · 2025-07: 170 828 USD/aircraft·month A320 · 2025-10: 169 932 USD/aircraft·month B739 · 2025-01: 138 810 USD/aircraft·month B739 · 2025-04: 145 026 USD/aircraft·month B739 · 2025-07: 139 558 USD/aircraft·month B739 · 2025-10: 139 468 USD/aircraft·month 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 Not a single lease rate: owned and leased aircraft at book value together. There is no open series of lease rates by type — we are looking.
Source: BTS Form 41
Updated: 2026-11-11